Table of Contents

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FOREWORD
SUMMARY
	Background
	Observations and Recommendations
List of Tables
List of Figures

1 INTRODUCTION
	1.1 Australia's Water Resources
	1.2 Water Use
	1.3 Wastewater / Sewerage services
	1.4 Rainwater and Stormwater
	1.5 Future water resource management 

2 WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGIES AND USES
	2.1 Definitions
	2.2 The Hydrologic Cycle
	2.3 Water Sensitive Urban Design - Integrated Water Cycle Management
	2.4 Water recycling
	2.5 Sewage / Wastewater Treatment Processes
	2.6 The National Water Quality Management Strategy
		2.6.1 Australian Guidelines for Sewerage Systems - Effluent Management
		2.6.2 Australian Guidelines for Sewerage Systems - Reclaimed Water 
		2.6.3 Australian Guidelines for Urban Stormwater Management
		2.6.4 Guidance on the use of rainwater tanks
	2.7 The Uses of Recycled Water

3 WATER RECYCLING OVERSEAS
	3.1 United States of America
		3.1.1 California
		3.1.2 Florida
		3.1.3 Other States
	3.2 Canada
	3.3 Namibia
	3.4 Singapore 
	3.5 Japan
	3.6 Europe
	3.7 The Developing World
		3.7.1 Latin America
		3.7.2 West Asia
		3.7.3 Asia-Pacific
		3.7.4 Africa
	3.8 Insights into Water Recycling Programs
	3.9 The realities of recycling in the Developing World

4 RECYCLING IN AUSTRALIA
	4.1 Commonwealth of Australia
		4.1.1 Twenty-five years ago
		4.1.2 More Recent Developments
	4.2 The States
		4.2.1 New South Wales
		4.2.2 Rural and Regional New South Wales
		4.2.3 Local Government and Development Planning
		4.2.4 On-site recycling projects
	4.3 Australian Capital Territory
		4.3.1 Canberra
		4.3.2 Experimental installations
		4.3.3 Planning
	4.4 Victoria
		4.4.1 Melbourne
		4.4.2 Rural and Regional Victoria
	4.5 Queensland
		4.5.1 The State Water Recycling Strategy
		4.5.2 Greater Brisbane / Gold Coast
		4.5.3 Rural and Regional Queensland
		4.5.4 Community Consultation
	4.6 South Australia
		4.6.1 Adelaide s Water and Wastewater Services
		4.6.2 Rural and Regional South Australia
	4.7 Western Australia
		4.7.1 Metropolitan Perth
		4.7.2 Rural and Regional Western Australia
		4.7.3 WA Community Attitudes
	4.8 Tasmania
	4.9 Northern Territory

5 PRINCIPLES AND ISSUES OF WATER RECYCLING IN AUSTRALIA
	5.1 Why recycle?
	5.2 Health
		5.2.1 Contaminants
		5.2.2 Micro-organisms
		5.2.3 Chemicals
		5.2.4 Water Quality Guidelines
		5.2.5 Rainwater tanks
		5.2.6 Managing Health and Environmental Risks
	5.3 Community Acceptance
	5.4 Costing and Pricing
	5.5 Legal matters
	5.6 New Technologies
		5.6.1 Membrane Technologies
		5.6.2 Membrane bioreactors
		5.6.3 Disinfection alternatives
		5.6.4 Stormwater
		5.6.5 Use of Wetlands
		5.6.6 Waste stream separation
	5.7 Energy consumption
	5.8 Greenhouse gas emissions
	5.9 Infrastructure
	5.10 Research and Development
		5.10.1 Australian Water Conservation and Reuse Research Program
		5.10.2 Integrated Concepts for Reuse of Upgraded Wastewater in Australia 
		          (Oz-AQUAREC)
		5.10.3 CRC For Water Quality and Treatment
		5.10.4 CRC for Waste Management and Pollution Control 
		5.10.5 State Government sponsored linkages
		5.10.6 Individual Research Projects
		5.10.7 PMSEIC Working Group Report
	5.11 Integrated Water Cycle Management

6 CONCLUSIONS
	6.1 The Community s Expectations for Water 
	6.2 Water Resource Planning and Management
	6.3 National Water Management Strategy Guidelines
	6.4 Building the Urban Environment
	6.5 The Economics of Recycling
	6.6 Issues for Water Agencies
	6.7 For the Future
	6.8 Community Confidence

APPENDIX 1
EFFLUENT REUSE DATA FOR AUSTRALIAN STATES AND TERRITORIES

APPENDIX 2.
PRINCIPAL LEGISLATION IMPACTING ON THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF RECYCLED WATER
	FEDERAL LEGISLATION
	STATE LEGISLATION
		New South Wales
		Victoria
		Queensland
		South Australia
		Western Australia
		Tasmania
		Northern Territory
		Australian Capital Territory

APPENDIX 3
SUMMARIES OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS AND GUIDELINES IN INDIVIDUAL JURISDICTIONS
	Queensland
	New South Wales
	South Australia
	Victoria

ABBREVIATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
INDEX